Journal Description
Life
Life
is an international, peer-reviewed, open access journal of scientific studies related to fundamental themes in life sciences, from basic to applied research, published monthly online by MDPI. The Astrobiology Society of Britain (ASB) and Spanish Association for Cancer Research (ASEICA) are affiliated with Life and their members receive a discount on the article processing charges.
- Open Access— free for readers, with article processing charges (APC) paid by authors or their institutions.
- High Visibility: indexed within Scopus, SCIE (Web of Science), PubMed, PMC, CAPlus / SciFinder, AGRIS, and other databases.
- Journal Rank: JCR - Q2 (Biology) / CiteScore - Q2 (Paleontology)
- Rapid Publication: manuscripts are peer-reviewed and a first decision is provided to authors approximately 17.5 days after submission; acceptance to publication is undertaken in 2.5 days (median values for papers published in this journal in the second half of 2023).
- Recognition of Reviewers: reviewers who provide timely, thorough peer-review reports receive vouchers entitling them to a discount on the APC of their next publication in any MDPI journal, in appreciation of the work done.
- Testimonials: See what our editors and authors say about Life.
- Companion journals for Life include: Gastroenterology Insights, Physiologia, Hydrobiology, and Anatomia.
Impact Factor:
3.2 (2022);
5-Year Impact Factor:
3.2 (2022)
Latest Articles
Prognostic and Clinical Significance of PD-L1, EGFR and Androgen Receptor (AR) Expression in Triple-Negative Breast Cancer (TNBC) Patients
Life 2024, 14(6), 682; https://doi.org/10.3390/life14060682 (registering DOI) - 26 May 2024
Abstract
Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is the most aggressive breast cancer subtype and is associated with high recurrence rates, a high incidence of distant metastases and poor overall survival. The aim of this study was to investigate the role of PD-L1, EGFR and AR
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Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is the most aggressive breast cancer subtype and is associated with high recurrence rates, a high incidence of distant metastases and poor overall survival. The aim of this study was to investigate the role of PD-L1, EGFR and AR expression in TNBC promotion and progression. To that end, we analyzed the immunohistochemical expression of these genes in 125 TNBC patients and their relation to clinicopathological parameters and survival. An elevated expression of PD-L1 was significantly correlated with higher tumor and nuclear grade, while a low expression was correlated with loco-regional recurrence without any influence on survival. Contrary to this, the expression of AR showed a positive impact on the DFI and a negative association with tumor grade. Furthermore, PD-L1 and AR demonstrated simultaneous expression, and further co-expression analysis revealed that a positive expression of PD-L1/AR notably correlates with tumor and nuclear grade and has a significant impact on a longer DFI and OS, while a negative PD-L1/AR expression is significantly associated with metastases. Therefore, our results suggest that positive PD-L1/AR expression is beneficial for TNBC patients. In addition, an elevated expression of EGFR contributes to metastases and a worse DFI and OS. In conclusion, we think that low PD-L1/low AR/high EGFR expression followed by high Ki67 expression constitutes a ‘high risk’ profile of TNBC.
Full article
(This article belongs to the Section Medical Research)
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Predictive Prognostic Factors in Non-Calcific Supraspinatus Tendinopathy Treated with Focused Extracorporeal Shock Wave Therapy: An Artificial Neural Network Approach
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Gabriele Santilli, Mario Vetrano, Massimiliano Mangone, Francesco Agostini, Andrea Bernetti, Daniele Coraci, Marco Paoloni, Alessandro de Sire, Teresa Paolucci, Eleonora Latini, Flavia Santoboni, Sveva Maria Nusca and Maria Chiara Vulpiani
Life 2024, 14(6), 681; https://doi.org/10.3390/life14060681 (registering DOI) - 25 May 2024
Abstract
The supraspinatus tendon is one of the most involved tendons in the development of shoulder pain. Extracorporeal shockwave therapy (ESWT) has been recognized as a valid and safe treatment. Sometimes the symptoms cannot be relieved, or a relapse develops, affecting the patient’s quality
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The supraspinatus tendon is one of the most involved tendons in the development of shoulder pain. Extracorporeal shockwave therapy (ESWT) has been recognized as a valid and safe treatment. Sometimes the symptoms cannot be relieved, or a relapse develops, affecting the patient’s quality of life. Therefore, a prediction protocol could be a powerful tool aiding our clinical decisions. An artificial neural network was run, in particular a multilayer perceptron model incorporating input information such as the VAS and Constant–Murley score, administered at T0 and at T1 after six months. It showed a model sensitivity of 80.7%, and the area under the ROC curve was 0.701, which demonstrates good discrimination. The aim of our study was to identify predictive factors for minimal clinically successful therapy (MCST), defined as a reduction of ≥40% in VAS score at T1 following ESWT for chronic non-calcific supraspinatus tendinopathy (SNCCT). From the male gender, we expect greater and more frequent clinical success. The more severe the patient’s initial condition, the greater the possibility that clinical success will decrease. The Constant and Murley score, Roles and Maudsley score, and VAS are not just evaluation tools to verify an improvement; they are also prognostic factors to be taken into consideration in the assessment of achieving clinical success. Due to the lower clinical improvement observed in older patients and those with worse clinical and functional scales, it would be preferable to also provide these patients with the possibility of combined treatments. The ANN predictive model is reasonable and accurate in studying the influence of prognostic factors and achieving clinical success in patients with chronic non-calcific tendinopathy of the supraspinatus treated with ESWT.
Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Recent Advances in Shockwave Therapy for Musculoskeletal and Soft-Tissue Disorders)
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Open AccessArticle
Association between Muscle Mass Index and Neurological Outcomes of Patients with Out-of-Hospital Cardiac Arrest
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Yongtak Cho, Eung Nam Kim, Je Sung You, Minkyung Han and Yoo Seok Park
Life 2024, 14(6), 680; https://doi.org/10.3390/life14060680 (registering DOI) - 24 May 2024
Abstract
Muscle mass depletion is associated with unfavorable outcomes in many diseases. However, its relationship with cardiac arrest outcomes has not been explored. This retrospective single-center study determined the relationship between muscle mass depletion and the neurological outcomes of patients with out-of-hospital cardiac arrest
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Muscle mass depletion is associated with unfavorable outcomes in many diseases. However, its relationship with cardiac arrest outcomes has not been explored. This retrospective single-center study determined the relationship between muscle mass depletion and the neurological outcomes of patients with out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA) by measuring muscle mass at various locations. Adult patients with OHCA, who were treated with target temperature management, and who underwent abdominal or chest computed tomography (CT) within 3 months of the cardiac arrest were included. Skeletal muscle index (SMI) was measured at the third lumbar vertebra (L3) level, psoas muscle, fourth thoracic vertebra (T4) level, and pectoralis muscle. The Youden index was used to determine a low SMI based on sex-specific cutoff values. The outcome variables were “good neurological outcome” and “survival” at hospital discharge. Multivariable analyses revealed that patients with low T4 SMI level were significantly associated with good neurological outcomes at hospital discharge (odds ratio = 0.26, 95% confidence interval: 0.07–0.88, p = 0.036). However, no significant differences were observed between good neurological outcomes and low SMI at the L3 level and psoas and pectoralis muscles; SMIs were not associated with survival at hospital discharge. T4 level SMI depletion was inversely associated with good neurological outcomes in patients with OHCA. Thoracic muscle depletion may be crucial for predicting the neurological outcomes in patients with OHCA and further investigation in larger prospective study is warranted.
Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Clinical Advances in Cardiac Arrest: Prognostic Performance and Management)
Open AccessReview
Evolving Concepts of the SCORE System: Subtracting Cholesterol from Risk Estimation: A Way for a Healthy Longevity?
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Francesco Natale, Rosa Franzese, Luigi Marotta, Noemi Mollo, Achille Solimene, Ettore Luisi, Carmine Gentile, Francesco S. Loffredo, Paolo Golino and Giovanni Cimmino
Life 2024, 14(6), 679; https://doi.org/10.3390/life14060679 - 24 May 2024
Abstract
The role of cholesterol, mainly low-density lipoproteins (LDL-C), as a causal risk factor for atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) is now established and accepted by the international scientific community. Based on this evidence, the European and American guidelines recommend early risk stratification and “rapid”
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The role of cholesterol, mainly low-density lipoproteins (LDL-C), as a causal risk factor for atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) is now established and accepted by the international scientific community. Based on this evidence, the European and American guidelines recommend early risk stratification and “rapid” achievement of the suggested target according to the risk estimation to reduce the number of major cardiovascular events. Prolonged exposure over the years to high levels of LDL-C is one of the determining factors in the development and progression of atherosclerotic plaque, on which the action of conventional risk factors (cigarette smoking, excess weight, sedentary lifestyle, arterial hypertension, diabetes mellitus) as well as non-conventional risk factors (gut microbiota, hyperuricemia, inflammation), alone or in combination, favors the destabilization of the atherosclerotic lesion with rupture/fissuration/ulceration and consequent formation of intravascular thrombosis, which leads to the acute clinical manifestations of acute coronary syndromes. In the current clinical practice, there is a growing number of cases that, although extremely common, are emblematic of the concept of long-term exposure to the risk factor (LDL hypercholesterolemia), which, not adequately controlled and in combination with other risk factors, has favored the onset of major cardiovascular events. The triple concept of “go lower, start earlier and keep longer!” should be applied in current clinical practice at any level of prevention. In the present manuscript, we will review the current evidence and documents supporting the causal role of LDL-C in determining ASCVD and whether it is time to remove it from any score.
Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Beyond Atherosclerosis: Between Unresolved Questions, Ongoing Studies, and Future Perspectives—2nd Edition)
Open AccessArticle
An Eastern County from an European Eastern Country—The Characteristics of Cutaneous Microbiome in Psoriasis Patients—Preliminary Results
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Diana Sabina Radaschin, Alina Viorica Iancu, Alexandra Mariana Ionescu, Gabriela Gurau, Elena Niculet, Florin Ciprian Bujoreanu, Florentina Nastase, Teodora Radaschin, Liliana Gabriela Popa, Roxana Elena Axente and Alin Laurentiu Tatu
Life 2024, 14(6), 678; https://doi.org/10.3390/life14060678 - 24 May 2024
Abstract
The cutaneous microbiome represents a topic of high interest nowadays. Multiple studies have suggested the importance of the skin microbiome in different dermatological pathologies, highlighting the possible implications of cutaneous microorganisms in either the pathogenesis or prognosis of skin maladies. Psoriasis represents a
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The cutaneous microbiome represents a topic of high interest nowadays. Multiple studies have suggested the importance of the skin microbiome in different dermatological pathologies, highlighting the possible implications of cutaneous microorganisms in either the pathogenesis or prognosis of skin maladies. Psoriasis represents a common inflammatory skin disease, with a high prevalence in the worldwide population. The role of the cutaneous microbiome in psoriasis could explain a number of pathogenic theories and treatment objectives of this incurable skin disease. Our interest in the characteristics of the cutaneous microbiome, especially in psoriatic patients who attended a tertiary dermatological centre in Galati, Romania, is reflected in our current study, of which the preliminary results are discussed in this article. Using three types of skin sampling techniques (swabs, adhesive tape, and punch biopsies), we tried to characterise the microorganisms harboured in the skin of psoriatic patients and healthy individuals. This study was performed using culture-based probes, which were analysed using MALDI-TOF mass spectrometer equipment. Our preliminary results suggested that the greatest diversity was observed in the perilesional areas of psoriatic patients. The lowest cutaneous diversity was obtained from sampling psoriatic plaques. These results are similar to other studies of the cutaneous microbiome in psoriasis. The most frequent microorganisms found in all groups studied were of the Staphylococcus species: Staphylococcus epidermidis, Staphylococcus hominis, and Staphylococcus aureus. Analysing the living environment of each individual from this study, our preliminary results suggested different results from other studies, as higher diversity and heterogenicity was observed in urban environments than in rural living areas. Regarding the differences between sexes, our preliminary results showed higher quantitative and qualitative changes in the skin microbiome of male participants than female participants, opposite to the results found in other studies of the cutaneous microbiome in psoriasis. Given these preliminary results, we can conclude that we have found important differences by studying the cutaneous microbiome of psoriatic patients and healthy control individuals from a population that, to our knowledge, has not been yet studied from this point of view. Our results showed important characteristics of the skin microbiome in an Eastern European population, where cultural and environmental living habits could influence the cutaneous microbiome.
Full article
(This article belongs to the Section Physiology and Pathology)
Open AccessArticle
Low Bacterial Diversity and Nitrate Levels in Cores from Deep Boreholes in Pristine Karst
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Janez Mulec, Sara Skok and Lejla Pašić
Life 2024, 14(6), 677; https://doi.org/10.3390/life14060677 - 24 May 2024
Abstract
This study investigates the nitrate gradients within the deep biosphere of karst carbonate rocks and their resident microbiota. Samples were taken from borehole cores at depths down to 350 m below the surface, collected during geological site investigations for proposed railway tunnels and
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This study investigates the nitrate gradients within the deep biosphere of karst carbonate rocks and their resident microbiota. Samples were taken from borehole cores at depths down to 350 m below the surface, collected during geological site investigations for proposed railway tunnels and analysed using 16S rRNA amplicon sequencing. 16S rRNA amplicon sequencing analysis revealed relatively low microbial diversity, which can serve as a reliable indicator of the pristine nature of deep karst. However, some local hotspots of diversity are independent of depth. Pseudomonadota dominated the samples, with Gammaproteobacteria dominating at the class level. The low nitrate content in deep karst, in contrast to higher values closer to the surface, serves as an additional marker of its undisturbed and unpolluted status. Based on the prediction of functional profiles from 16S rRNA sequencing data, nitrates remain low due to indigenous microbial denitrification and assimilatory nitrate reduction. Pathways related to nitrogen fixation, ammonia assimilation, and nitrification were not confirmed. When elevated nitrate levels are observed in karst, they are most probably related to anthropogenic activities. Environmental factors other than depth and nitrate content play an important role in shaping bacterial communities.
Full article
(This article belongs to the Topic Extreme Environments: Microbial and Biochemical Diversity)
Open AccessReview
Marine Science Can Contribute to the Search for Extra-Terrestrial Life
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Jacopo Aguzzi, Javier Cuadros, Lewis Dartnell, Corrado Costa, Simona Violino, Loredana Canfora, Roberto Danovaro, Nathan Jack Robinson, Donato Giovannelli, Sascha Flögel, Sergio Stefanni, Damianos Chatzievangelou, Simone Marini, Giacomo Picardi and Bernard Foing
Life 2024, 14(6), 676; https://doi.org/10.3390/life14060676 - 24 May 2024
Abstract
Life on our planet likely evolved in the ocean, and thus exo-oceans are key habitats to search for extraterrestrial life. We conducted a data-driven bibliographic survey on the astrobiology literature to identify emerging research trends with marine science for future synergies in the
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Life on our planet likely evolved in the ocean, and thus exo-oceans are key habitats to search for extraterrestrial life. We conducted a data-driven bibliographic survey on the astrobiology literature to identify emerging research trends with marine science for future synergies in the exploration for extraterrestrial life in exo-oceans. Based on search queries, we identified 2592 published items since 1963. The current literature falls into three major groups of terms focusing on (1) the search for life on Mars, (2) astrobiology within our Solar System with reference to icy moons and their exo-oceans, and (3) astronomical and biological parameters for planetary habitability. We also identified that the most prominent research keywords form three key-groups focusing on (1) using terrestrial environments as proxies for Martian environments, centred on extremophiles and biosignatures, (2) habitable zones outside of “Goldilocks” orbital ranges, centred on ice planets, and (3) the atmosphere, magnetic field, and geology in relation to planets’ habitable conditions, centred on water-based oceans.
Full article
(This article belongs to the Section Astrobiology)
Open AccessArticle
Full-Term and Preterm Newborns Differ more Significantly in Photoplethysmographic Waveform Variability than Heart Rate Variability
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Anton R. Kiselev, Elena N. Mureeva, Viktoria V. Skazkina, Olga S. Panina, Anatoly S. Karavaev and Yuri V. Chernenkov
Life 2024, 14(6), 675; https://doi.org/10.3390/life14060675 - 24 May 2024
Abstract
Background: Features of cardiovascular autonomic regulation in infants are poorly studied compared with adults. However, the clinical significance of autonomic dysfunction in infants is very high. The goal of our research was to study the temporal and frequency-dependent features, as well as low-frequency
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Background: Features of cardiovascular autonomic regulation in infants are poorly studied compared with adults. However, the clinical significance of autonomic dysfunction in infants is very high. The goal of our research was to study the temporal and frequency-dependent features, as well as low-frequency synchronization in cardiovascular autonomic regulation in full-term vs. preterm newborns, based on the analysis of their heart rate variability (HRV) and photoplethysmographic waveform variability (PPGV). Methods: The study included three groups of newborns: 64 full-term newborns (with a gestational age at birth of 37–40 weeks) with a physiological course of the neonatal adaptation; 23 full-term newborns (with a gestational age at birth of 37–40 weeks) with a pathological course of the neonatal adaptation; and 17 preterm newborns (with a postconceptional age of 34 weeks or more). We conducted spectral analysis of HRV and PPGV, along with an assessment of the synchronization strength between low-frequency oscillations in HRV and in PPGV (synchronization index). We employed several options for the boundaries of the high-frequency (HF) band: 0.15–0.40 Hz, 0.2–2 Hz, 0.15–0.8 Hz, and 0.24–1.04 Hz. Results: Preterm newborns had higher heart rate, RMSSD, and PNN50 values relative to both groups of full-term newborns. Values of SDNN index and synchronization index (S index) were similar in all groups of newborns. Differences in frequency domain indices of HRV between groups of newborns depended on the considered options of HF band boundaries. Values of frequency domain indices of PPGV demonstrated similar differences between groups, regardless of the boundaries of considered options of HF bands and the location of PPG signal recording (forehead or leg). An increase in sympathetic influences on peripheral blood flow and a decrease in respiratory influences were observed along the following gradient: healthy full-term newborns → preterm newborns → full-term newborns with pathology. Conclusions: Differences in frequency domain indices of autonomic regulation between the studied groups of newborns depended on the boundaries of the considered options of the HF band. Frequency domain indices of PPGV revealed significantly more pronounced differences between groups of newborns than analogous HRV indicators. An increase in sympathetic influences on peripheral blood flow and a decrease in respiratory influences were observed along the following gradient: healthy full-term newborns → preterm newborns → full-term newborns with pathology.
Full article
(This article belongs to the Section Reproductive and Developmental Biology)
Open AccessArticle
Relationships and Within-Group Differences in Physical Attributes and Golf Performance in Elite Amateur Female Players
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Luke Robinson, Andrew Murray, Daniel Coughlan, Margo Mountjoy, Rebecca Hembrough, Danny Glover, Fiona Scott, Anthony Turner and Chris Bishop
Life 2024, 14(6), 674; https://doi.org/10.3390/life14060674 - 24 May 2024
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to examine the association between a comprehensive physical testing battery and measures of golf performance in elite female amateur players. Nineteen category one (handicap ≤ 5) or better golfers (age: 16.26 ± 1.28 years, height: 166.26
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The aim of the present study was to examine the association between a comprehensive physical testing battery and measures of golf performance in elite female amateur players. Nineteen category one (handicap ≤ 5) or better golfers (age: 16.26 ± 1.28 years, height: 166.26 ± 3.62 cm, mass: 64.04 ± 11.27 kg, wingspan: 146.53 ± 15.59 cm, handicap: +1.45 ± 0.7) volunteered to participate in this investigation. All golfers attended a single 90 min testing session where golf shot data (clubhead speed [CHS], ball speed, carry distance, and smash factor) were measured with a Trackman 4 launch monitor and a battery of physical assessments were carried out. These included anthropometric data and assessments for seated thoracic rotation, the isometric mid-thigh pull (IMTP), isometric bench press, countermovement jump (CMJ), and seated medicine ball throws for distance. Pearson’s r correlations showed CHS was the golf metric that most commonly demonstrated large associations with physical testing data, most notably with force at 100 ms during the isometric bench press (r = 0.70). Median split analysis was also conducted for the IMTP (force at 200 ms), isometric bench press (force at 100 ms), and CMJ (positive impulse). The results showed that players who produced more force at 200 ms during the IMTP exhibited a greater CHS (g = 1.13), ball speed (g = 0.90), and carry distance (g = 1.01). In addition, players with a greater positive impulse during the CMJ showed a greater ball speed (g = 0.93), carry distance (g = 1.29), and smash factor (g = 1.27). Collectively, these results highlight the relevance of explosive force production capabilities in both the lower and upper body for female golfers. This information can be used by practitioners to better target key physical attributes during testing and training of female players.
Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation: Trends and Applications: 2nd Edition)
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Open AccessReview
Overcoming Resistance to Temozolomide in Glioblastoma: A Scoping Review of Preclinical and Clinical Data
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Dimitra Smerdi, Myrto Moutafi, Ioannis Kotsantis, Lampis C. Stavrinou and Amanda Psyrri
Life 2024, 14(6), 673; https://doi.org/10.3390/life14060673 - 24 May 2024
Abstract
Glioblastoma (GB) is the most common and most aggressive primary brain tumor in adults, with an overall survival almost 14.6 months. Optimal resection followed by combined temozolomide chemotherapy and radiotherapy, also known as Stupp protocol, remains the standard of treatment; nevertheless, resistance to
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Glioblastoma (GB) is the most common and most aggressive primary brain tumor in adults, with an overall survival almost 14.6 months. Optimal resection followed by combined temozolomide chemotherapy and radiotherapy, also known as Stupp protocol, remains the standard of treatment; nevertheless, resistance to temozolomide, which can be obtained throughout many molecular pathways, is still an unsurpassed obstacle. Several factors influence the efficacy of temozolomide, including the involvement of other DNA repair systems, aberrant signaling pathways, autophagy, epigenetic modifications, microRNAs, and extracellular vesicle production. The blood–brain barrier, which serves as both a physical and biochemical obstacle, the tumor microenvironment’s pro-cancerogenic and immunosuppressive nature, and tumor-specific characteristics such as volume and antigen expression, are the subject of ongoing investigation. In this review, preclinical and clinical data about temozolomide resistance acquisition and possible ways to overcome chemoresistance, or to treat gliomas without restoration of chemosensitinity, are evaluated and presented. The objective is to offer a thorough examination of the clinically significant molecular mechanisms and their intricate interrelationships, with the aim of enhancing understanding to combat resistance to TMZ more effectively.
Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Evolving Chemotherapies in Glioblastomas(GBM)—Present and Future)
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Open AccessReview
Targeted Liposomal Drug Delivery: Overview of the Current Applications and Challenges
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Matthew S. Gatto, McNeely P. Johnson and Wided Najahi-Missaoui
Life 2024, 14(6), 672; https://doi.org/10.3390/life14060672 - 24 May 2024
Abstract
In drug development, it is not uncommon that an active substance exhibits efficacy in vitro but lacks the ability to specifically reach its target in vivo. As a result, targeted drug delivery has become a primary focus in the pharmaceutical sciences. Since the
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In drug development, it is not uncommon that an active substance exhibits efficacy in vitro but lacks the ability to specifically reach its target in vivo. As a result, targeted drug delivery has become a primary focus in the pharmaceutical sciences. Since the approval of Doxil® in 1995, liposomes have emerged as a leading nanoparticle in targeted drug delivery. Their low immunogenicity, high versatility, and well-documented efficacy have led to their clinical use against a wide variety of diseases. That being said, every disease is accompanied by a unique set of physiological conditions, and each liposomal product must be formulated with this consideration. There are a multitude of different targeting techniques for liposomes that can be employed depending on the application. Passive techniques such as PEGylation or the enhanced permeation and retention effect can improve general pharmacokinetics, while active techniques such as conjugating targeting molecules to the liposome surface may bring even further specificity. This review aims to summarize the current strategies for targeted liposomes in the treatment of diseases.
Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Revolutionizing Drug Delivery: Innovations in Targeted Therapeutic Nanocarriers)
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Open AccessArticle
Exploring the Association between COVID-19 and Femoral Head Necrosis: A Comprehensive Review
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Bogdan Hogea, Madalina-Ianca Suba, Simona-Alina Abu-Awwad, Paul Cuntan, Mihai-Valetin Popa, Ruben David Braescu and Ahmed Abu-Awwad
Life 2024, 14(6), 671; https://doi.org/10.3390/life14060671 - 23 May 2024
Abstract
This study investigates the correlation between COVID-19 and avascular necrosis of the femoral head, considering the potential contribution of medication-induced effects. This research spans the period from August 2022 to January 2024 and includes 32 patients diagnosed with avascular necrosis. While steroid usage,
[...] Read more.
This study investigates the correlation between COVID-19 and avascular necrosis of the femoral head, considering the potential contribution of medication-induced effects. This research spans the period from August 2022 to January 2024 and includes 32 patients diagnosed with avascular necrosis. While steroid usage, particularly in high doses, is known to predispose individuals to this condition, this study aims to discern if COVID-19 itself plays a role beyond the influence of medication. Notably, COVID-19 is associated with disturbances in the coagulation system, potentially leading to thromboembolic complications. Of the patients, six did not have COVID-19, while seven had the virus but did not receive steroid treatment. However, 19 patients with COVID-19 exhibited severe pulmonary involvement and were administered both high-dose steroids and antiviral medication. Among the observed patients, 14 were female and 18 were male. Notably, three patients presented bilateral necrosis, all of whom had COVID-19 and significant pulmonary involvement. Diagnostic assessments included frontal and profile X-rays, as well as MRI scans for all patients.
Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Orthopaedics and Traumatology: Surgery and Research: 2nd Edition)
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Open AccessReview
Soft Tissue Vascular Anomalies of the Extremities: A Proposed Diagnostic Approach
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Michele Fiore, Marta Bortoli, Andrea Sambri, Ludovica Lotrecchiano, Luigi Lovato, Michele Mirelli, Iria Neri, Massimiliano De Paolis, Bianca Maria Piraccini and Mauro Gargiulo
Life 2024, 14(6), 670; https://doi.org/10.3390/life14060670 - 23 May 2024
Abstract
This narrative review aims to summarise the classification of vascular anomalies, their clinical presentation, and their radiological features to propose a diagnostic algorithm to approach patients with suspected soft tissue vascular anomalies of the extremities. The management of vascular anomalies necessitates a multidisciplinary
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This narrative review aims to summarise the classification of vascular anomalies, their clinical presentation, and their radiological features to propose a diagnostic algorithm to approach patients with suspected soft tissue vascular anomalies of the extremities. The management of vascular anomalies necessitates a multidisciplinary approach. Clinical presentation and physical examination are sufficient in most cases to achieve a correct diagnosis. This is especially true for small congenital lesions of the skin and subcutaneous tissue. Imaging is used for accurate characterization of these lesions, especially in cases of atypical or vague clinical presentation, and to assess extension in cases of lesions that are larger and localized in deeper tissues.
Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Diagnostic and Interventional Imaging of the Skeletal System)
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Open AccessEditorial
Editorial on the Special Issue “Obstructive Sleep Apnea (OSA)”
by
Konstantinos Chaidas
Life 2024, 14(6), 669; https://doi.org/10.3390/life14060669 - 23 May 2024
Abstract
Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is the most common form of sleep-disordered breathing and is characterized by recurrent episodes of complete or partial upper airway obstruction during sleep, resulting in oxygen desaturation, autonomic dysfunction and sleep fragmentation [...]
Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Obstructive Sleep Apnea (OSA))
Open AccessReview
Exploring Stem-Cell-Based Therapies for Retinal Regeneration
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Madalina Radu, Daniel Constantin Brănișteanu, Ruxandra Angela Pirvulescu, Otilia Maria Dumitrescu, Mihai Alexandru Ionescu and Mihail Zemba
Life 2024, 14(6), 668; https://doi.org/10.3390/life14060668 - 23 May 2024
Abstract
The escalating prevalence of retinal diseases—notably, age-related macular degeneration and hereditary retinal disorders—poses an intimidating challenge to ophthalmic medicine, often culminating in irreversible vision loss. Current treatments are limited and often fail to address the underlying loss of retinal cells. This paper explores
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The escalating prevalence of retinal diseases—notably, age-related macular degeneration and hereditary retinal disorders—poses an intimidating challenge to ophthalmic medicine, often culminating in irreversible vision loss. Current treatments are limited and often fail to address the underlying loss of retinal cells. This paper explores the potential of stem-cell-based therapies as a promising avenue for retinal regeneration. We review the latest advancements in stem cell technology, focusing on embryonic stem cells (ESCs), pluripotent stem cells (PSCs), and mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), and their ability to differentiate into retinal cell types. We discuss the challenges in stem cell transplantation, such as immune rejection, integration into the host retina, and functional recovery. Previous and ongoing clinical trials are examined to highlight the therapeutic efficacy and safety of these novel treatments. Additionally, we address the ethical considerations and regulatory frameworks governing stem cell research. Our analysis suggests that while stem-cell-based therapies offer a groundbreaking approach to treating retinal diseases, further research is needed to ensure long-term safety and to optimize therapeutic outcomes. This review summarizes the clinical evidence of stem cell therapy and current limitations in utilizing stem cells for retinal degeneration, such as age-related macular degeneration, retinitis pigmentosa, and Stargardt’s disease.
Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Retinal Diseases: From Molecular Mechanisms to Therapeutics)
Open AccessReview
Abdominal Parietal Metastasis from Cervical Cancer: A Review of One of the Most Uncommon Sites of Recurrence Including a Report of a New Case
by
Irinel-Gabriel Dicu-Andreescu, Marian-Augustin Marincaș, Anca-Angela Simionescu, Ioana Dicu-Andreescu, Virgiliu-Mihail Prunoiu, Sânziana-Octavia Ionescu, Ștefania-Ariana Neicu, Gabriela-Mădălina Radu, Eugen Brătucu and Laurențiu Simion
Life 2024, 14(6), 667; https://doi.org/10.3390/life14060667 - 23 May 2024
Abstract
Introduction: Cervical cancer is the fourth most common cancer in women, the highest mortality being found in low- and middle-income countries. Abdominal parietal metastases in cervical cancer are a very rare entity, with an incidence of 0.1–1.3%, and represent an unfavorable prognostic factor
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Introduction: Cervical cancer is the fourth most common cancer in women, the highest mortality being found in low- and middle-income countries. Abdominal parietal metastases in cervical cancer are a very rare entity, with an incidence of 0.1–1.3%, and represent an unfavorable prognostic factor with the survival rate falling to 17%. Here, we present a review of cases of abdominal parietal metastasis in recent decades, including a new case of a 4.5 cm abdominal parietal metastasis at the site of the scar of the former drain tube 28 months after diagnosis of stage IIB cervical cancer (adenosquamous carcinoma), treated by external radiotherapy with concurrent chemotherapy and intracavitary brachytherapy and subsequent surgery (type B radical hysterectomy). The tumor was resected within oncological limits with the histopathological result of adenosquamous carcinoma. The case study highlights the importance of early detection and appropriate treatment of metastases in patients with cervical cancer. The discussion explores the potential pathways for parietal metastasis and the impact of incomplete surgical procedures on the development of metastases. The conclusion emphasizes the poor prognosis associated with this type of metastasis in cervical cancer patients and the potential benefits of surgical resection associated with systemic therapy in improving survival rates.
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(This article belongs to the Special Issue Obstetrics and Gynecology Medicine: Go From Bench to Bedside)
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The Clinical Impact of Access Site Selection for Successful Thrombolysis and Intervention in Acute Critical Lower Limb Ischaemia (RAD-ALI Registry)
by
Adam Csavajda, Karoly Toth, Nandor Kovacs, Szilard Rona, Zoltan Vamosi, Balazs Berta, Flora Zsofia Kulcsar, Olivier F. Bertrand, Istvan Hizoh and Zoltan Ruzsa
Life 2024, 14(6), 666; https://doi.org/10.3390/life14060666 - 23 May 2024
Abstract
Background: Acute limb ischaemia (ALI) is of great clinical importance due to its consequent serious complications and high comorbidity and mortality rates. The purpose of this study was to compare the acute success and complication rates of CDT performed via transradial, transbrachial, and
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Background: Acute limb ischaemia (ALI) is of great clinical importance due to its consequent serious complications and high comorbidity and mortality rates. The purpose of this study was to compare the acute success and complication rates of CDT performed via transradial, transbrachial, and transfemoral access sites in patients with acute lower limb vascular occlusion and to investigate the 1-year outcomes of CDT and MT for ALI. Methods: Between 2008 and 2019, 84 consecutive patients with ALI were treated with CDT in a large community hospital. Data were collected and retrospectively analysed. The primary (“safety”) endpoints encompassed major adverse events (MAEs), major adverse limb events (MALEs), and the occurrence of complications related to the access site. Secondary (“efficacy”) endpoints included both technical and clinical achievements, treatment success, fluoroscopy time, radiation dose, procedure time, and the crossover rate to an alternative puncture site. Results: CDT was started with radial (n = 17), brachial (n = 9), or femoral (n = 58) access. CDT was technically successful in 74/84 patients (88%), but additional MT and angioplasty and/or stent implantation was necessary in 17 (20.2%) and 45 cases (53.6%), respectively. Clinical success was achieved in 74/84 cases (88%). The mortality rate at 1 year was 14.3%. The cumulative incidence of MAEs and MALEs at 12 months was 50% and 40.5%, respectively. After conducting multivariate analysis, history of Rutherford stage IIB (hazard ratio [HR], 3.64; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.58–8.41; p = 0.0025), occlusion of the external iliac artery (HR, 27.52; 95% CI, 2.83–267.33; p = 0.0043), being a case of clinically unsuccessful thrombolysis (HR, 7.72; 95% CI, 2.48–23.10; p = 0.0004), and the presence of diabetes mellitus (HR, 2.18; 95% CI, 1.01–4.71; p = 0.047) were independent predictors of a high MAE mortality rate at 12 months. For MALEs, statistically significant differences were detected with the variables history of Rutherford stage IIB (HR, 4.30; 95% CI, 1.99–9.31; p = 0.0002) and external iliac artery occlusion (HR, 31.27; 95% CI, 3.47–282.23; p = 0.0022). Conclusions: Based on the short-term results of CDT, acute limb ischaemia can be successfully, safely, and effectively treated with catheter-directed thrombolytic therapy with radial, brachial, or femoral access. However, radial access is associated with fewer access site complications. A history of Rutherford stage IIB, occlusion of external iliac artery, unsuccessful thrombolysis, and the presence of diabetes mellitus were independently associated with an increased risk of MAEs. A history of Rutherford stage IIB and external iliac artery occlusion are independent predictors of MALEs.
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(This article belongs to the Special Issue Vascular Disease: Etiologic, Diagnostic, Prognostic and Therapeutic Research—2nd Edition)
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The Impact of Peri-Implant Diseases on the General Status of Patients with Cardiovascular Diseases: A Literature Review
by
Ana Maria Hofer, Alexandra Dadarlat-Pop, Alexandru Mester, Bogdana Adriana Nasui, Monica Popa and Andrei Picos
Life 2024, 14(6), 665; https://doi.org/10.3390/life14060665 - 23 May 2024
Abstract
Background and Objectives: The aim of this study is to connect peri-implantitis to cardiovascular diseases, following the association found between periodontitis and cardiovascular conditions in recent years. Materials and Methods: PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science online databases were searched up to June 2023,
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Background and Objectives: The aim of this study is to connect peri-implantitis to cardiovascular diseases, following the association found between periodontitis and cardiovascular conditions in recent years. Materials and Methods: PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science online databases were searched up to June 2023, with the exclusion criteria being research written in a language other than English. The MeSH search items were as follows: [“peri-implant health OR peri-implantitis OR peri-implant mucositis OR peri-implant disease”] AND [“cardiovascular diseases”]. Patient/population (P), intervention (I), comparison (C), outcome (O) framework questions were followed to identify the clinical evidence for the systematic review. Only clinical studies that used a control group to compare the relationship between cardiovascular diseases and peri-implantitis were selected. Results: A total of 118 studies were identified through electronic search of the keywords. After removing duplicates, there were 76 records to be screened. Upon exclusion of ineligible titles and abstracts, 27 studies remained for evaluation. Finally, 23 studies were excluded for not meeting the inclusion criteria, leaving 4 studies to be included in the qualitative analyses. Conclusions: This study found there is a linear association between mucosal/gingival inflammation and carotid intima–media thickness test (c-IMT) values. Peri-implant mucosal inflammation could be a contributor to the vascular disease burden of an individual; further specific clinical studies should be performed in order to demonstrate this connection.
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(This article belongs to the Special Issue Cardiovascular Diseases: From Basic Research to Clinical Application–2nd Edition)
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The Efficacy and Tolerability of Radiosurgery in Treating Benign Meningiomas: A Dose Comparison Study from a Single-Center Analysis
by
Hyun-Jeong Cho, Jong-Min Lee, Sung-Ho Park, Jun-Bum Park and Na-Young Jung
Life 2024, 14(6), 664; https://doi.org/10.3390/life14060664 - 23 May 2024
Abstract
This retrospective study aimed to evaluate the impact of radiation dose on the outcomes of stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS) for benign meningiomas and determine an optimal dosing strategy for balancing tumor control and treatment-related toxicity. Clinical data of 147 patients with 164 lesions treated
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This retrospective study aimed to evaluate the impact of radiation dose on the outcomes of stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS) for benign meningiomas and determine an optimal dosing strategy for balancing tumor control and treatment-related toxicity. Clinical data of 147 patients with 164 lesions treated between 2014 and 2022 were reviewed. Primary outcomes included progression-free survival (PFS), local control rate (LCR), and radiation-induced toxicity, with secondary outcomes focusing on LCR and radiation-induced peritumoral edema (PTE) in two dose groups (≥14 Gy and <14 Gy). The results revealed a median follow-up duration of 47 months, with 1-year, 2-year, and 5-year PFS rates of 99.3%, 96.7%, and 93.8%, respectively, and an overall LCR of 95.1%. Radiation-induced toxicity was observed in 24.5% of patients, primarily presenting mild symptoms. Notably, no significant difference in LCR was found between the two dose groups (p = 0.628), while Group 2 (<14 Gy) exhibited significantly lower PTE (p = 0.039). This study concludes that SRS with a radiation dose < 14 Gy demonstrates comparable tumor control with reduced toxicity, advocating consideration of such dosing to achieve a balance between therapeutic efficacy and safety.
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(This article belongs to the Section Radiobiology and Nuclear Medicine)
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SARS-CoV-2 Positivity in Foreign-Born Adults: A Retrospective Study in Verona, Northeast Italy
by
Virginia Lotti, Gianluca Spiteri, Gulser Caliskan, Maria Grazia Lourdes Monaco, Davide Gibellini, Giuseppe Verlato and Stefano Porru
Life 2024, 14(6), 663; https://doi.org/10.3390/life14060663 - 22 May 2024
Abstract
We compared SARS-CoV-2 positivity between the foreign-born adult working population and Italians living in the Verona area to investigate whether being a foreign-born adult could confer an increased risk of infection or lead to a diagnostic delay. The present study included 105,774 subjects,
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We compared SARS-CoV-2 positivity between the foreign-born adult working population and Italians living in the Verona area to investigate whether being a foreign-born adult could confer an increased risk of infection or lead to a diagnostic delay. The present study included 105,774 subjects, aged 18–65 years, tested for SARS-CoV-2 by nasopharyngeal swabs and analyzed at the University Hospital of Verona between January 2020 and September 2022. A logistic regression model was used, controlling for gender, age, time of sampling, and source of referral. A higher proportion of SARS-CoV-2 positivity in Italian (30.09%) than in foreign-born (25.61%) adults was reported, with a higher proportion of SARS-CoV-2 positivity in men than women in both cohorts analyzed. The difference in swab positivity among Italian and foreign-born adults was the highest in people aged 18–29 years (31.5% vs. 23.3%) and tended to disappear thereafter. Swab positivity became comparable between Italian and foreign-born adults during the vaccination campaign. Multivariable analysis confirmed the lower risk of swab positivity among foreign-born adults (OR = 0.85, 95%CI 0.82–0.89). In the Verona area, foreign-born adults showed a lower rate of SARS-CoV-2 positivity than the native population, likely because of underdiagnosis. Hence, public health should increase attention toward these particularly vulnerable populations.
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(This article belongs to the Special Issue Human Health before, during, and after COVID-19)
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